منابع مشابه
Altruism
What is altruism? Altruism is a type of social behaviour. From an evolutionary point of view, a behaviour is social if it has consequences for both the actor and another individual — the recipient. Social behaviours can be categorized according to whether their consequences for the actor and recipient are beneficial, increasing fitness, or costly, decreasing fitness (Figure 1). Altruism is when...
متن کاملAltruism
Altruistic actions are generally seen as 'noble'. Yet some 'lowly' organisms are apt to match the most heroic human acts of devotion and self-sacrifice. To use a widely-quoted example, consider Dicrocoelium dendriticum, also known as brainworm. These parasites spend some of their stages in the innards of cows, exit in the feces and, in the form of cercaria, are eaten by ants a few stages later....
متن کاملPaternal Altruism or Smart Parent Altruism? Paternal Altruism or Smart Parent Altruism?
If the bene ciary of an altruist's gift can be expected to use this gift e ciently, then a pure altruist (one who cares about the bene ciary's utility level, but not how utility is obtained) should only give gifts of money. This is often interpreted to mean that any other type of gift is evidence of paternal altruism. However, it is known (Linbeck and Weibull (1988)) that altruism creates an in...
متن کاملKin altruism, reciprocal altruism and social discounting
According to evolutionary psychologists, human pro-social behaviour is regulated by evolutionarily developed psychological mechanisms whose role is to solve adaptive problems. The same reasoning can be applied to social discounting, i.e. subjective devaluation of a reward which must be shared with one or more people. Based on reciprocal altruism and inclusive fitness theories, hypotheses were f...
متن کاملSex causes altruism. Altruism causes sex. Maybe.
This study presents a mathematical model in which the fitness of an individual depends on the individual's genotype (individual effects) and on the genotypes of other members of the individual's local group (group effects). The findings suggest that, if phenotypes are a result of complex interactions between genes at different loci, then fitness-enhancing group effects may become common in sexu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Social Science Research Network
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1556-5068']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4014920